Masiero, B. S., Caldas-Correia, F., Underwood, S. H., Rosas-Pérez, C., Algargoosh, A., Bettarello, F., Caniato, M., Davies, W. J., Manley, D., Remington, A., Sivakumar, A., Wilson, W. J., Zaniboni, L., & Wang, L. M. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113634

Have you been distracted by the whine of an old fridge, the echo in a classroom, or the buzz of fluorescent lights? For autistic people, these sounds aren’t just small irritations, due to sensory hypersensitivity they can quickly build into something overwhelming. This paper explores how noise and the spaces we design can either support or challenge autistic people.

The researchers carefully summarise previous research and consider how the sounds around us influence our comfort, focus, and well-being, asking key questions: How do autistic people experience hearing? How does sound affect stress and attention? And why aren’t our buildings designed with this in mind? Current building regulations primarily serve non-autistic needs and do not consider their sensory impacts, meaning spaces often unintentionally create difficulties for autistic people.

Possible adjustments for sounds:

• Background noises should be minimised during work or study.
• Include quiet areas or neutral spaces with as little ambient noise as possible.
• Incorporate calming, natural sounds (e.g., streams, rustling trees) in certain areas.
• Use sound-absorbing materials.
• Avoid sudden, unpredictable noises, such as alarms or automatic doors.

Other adjustments:

• Offer adjustable lighting options to accommodate personal preference.
• Maximise natural lighting and use indirect lighting to avoid glares and flicker.
• Use neutral colours and environments to avoid sensory overload.
• Ensure predictable and clear layouts.
• Consider air temperature, air quality, ventilation and other factors.
• Use tactile-friendly materials that are non-distracting.
• Consider in future research how lights may impact circadian rhythm for autistic individuals.

The paper argues for flexible design, creating environments where noise levels, materials, and layouts are respectful of sensory diversity. While the paper mainly focuses on sound, the collective of both acoustic and visual factors, like lighting, are important to consider. Key recommendations involve including autistic individuals in the design process, creating universal building regulations, and using inclusive language to promote understanding. Thoughtful design can make schools, workplaces, and public spaces calmer, safer, and more welcoming. Not just for autistic people, but for everyone.

Summary by Louie